1. Introduction to Nanotechnology
Things to make sure they remember after presentation:
1.Cutting edge field
2.Endless Possibilites
3.Uses have been in place for a long time (stained glass procedure of heating and cooling)
4.Can be dangerous

2. Nanoscale
The scale of materials considered nanotechnology are between one and one hundred nanometers or nm.
1 nanometer is meters, or 1/1,000,000,000 m,
or 1 billionth of a meter
Scale; one human hair is ~ ,000 nm
Keep up with current trends in industry.

3. Nanoscale
10⁻⁹ ~ 1,000 atoms across Nanoscale=~100 nM

5. Goals of Nanotechnology
Strength of Structures Space Industry and Development Clean Energy Defense Systems Medical Water Filtration …and Much More!
Satellites, solar arrays, space elevator
Carbon 60
New forms of energy
Laser Accuracy
Nano-tube composite structures-Ballistic Missile systems

6. What is Nanotechnology?
Maneuvering of material at the nanoscale in order to achieve a purpose. Quantum confinement
Quantum confinement-squeezing of electrons so tightly, they react in different ways…(speed up) increase kinetic energy and the produces a shorter wavelength.

7. Arranging Atoms (Carbon)
1 way---diamonds
2 way---graphite
3 random way---soot

8. Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon 60
Bucky ball design
Strength in numbers

9. So Small… Surface area actually becomes larger compared to its volume
More surface area=more reactions can be carried out.
100 amps of electricity crackle in a vacuum chamber, creating a spark that transforms carbon vapor into tiny structures. Depending on the conditions, these structures can be shaped like little, 60-atom soccer balls, or like rolled-up tubes of atoms, arranged in a chicken-wire pattern, with rounded ends. These tiny, carbon nanotubes, discovered by Sumio Iijima at NEC labs in 1991, have amazing properties. They are 100 times stronger than steel, but weigh only one-sixth as much! They are incredibly resilient under physical stress; even when kinked to a 120-degree angle, they will bounce back to their original form, undamaged. And they can carry electrical current at levels that would vaporize ordinary copper wires.

10. Possibilities: Electrostatic Self Assembly (ESA)
Self-regeneration
Building up piece by piece
Carbon nanotube with bucky balls as electron exchange (increase speed)
-electron waves located next to it.

11. Medical
Mercury absorption

12. Medical
Tumor treated with nanomaterial containing a yelowed-metallic material.
Treatment of people requiring a detox may one day be able to be carried out by magnetised nanoparticles. An example of this use may be a soldier out in the field
Designed at Argonne National Laboratory, the nanoparticles would be injected into the bloodstream and the nanoparticles would then use receptors to enable them to identify and latch onto target molecules.
Once the nanoparticles have been around the body, they will be removed using a magnet in a handheld unit and a small dual channel shunt inside an arm or leg artery.
Dual channel, meaning tube within a tube, would mean the blood would pass from the body into an inner diameter tube, then flow back into the body through an outer tube.
All the blood would circulate through the handheld unit, with the magnet detracting molecules of blood and the nanoparticles, which can then later be removed from the device.
All of this would then be able to take place in about 40 minutes!

13. AstroMedica
Hydroxi-appetite
Nano-material human bone design

14. Nanorobotics
Nanorobotics is the study of creating machines with dimensions in the 10s to 100s of nm.
There is two approaches to assembly; from the top down, or from the bottom up.
Top down is prevalent in semiconductor work and self-assembly. Problem – using visible light there is a wavelength constraint of ~ 500 nm.
Bottom up is the process of collecting and manipulating materials at the atomic level. Creating materials in a particular environment and process to where individual atoms and molecules are aligned for specific reasons. Problem – mass of unrealized molecules, “like building LEGOs with boxing gloves on”.

15. Nanorobotics

16. Copying Lessons of Nature Photosynthesis Photovoltaics
Solar Energy
Copying Lessons of Nature Photosynthesis Photovoltaics
Nano-photosynthesis

17. Solar Panels Plastic Polymers University of California-Berkeley
Experiments with polymer-based solar cells
-active longer
-more productive
-higher energy levels
-lightweight
-cheaper
-less fragile
Instead of crystaline silicon (too heavy, expensive, fragile)
Experiments with the active layering of plastic polymers. Conduction of electron to the electrodes. Design congregated polymers that conduct in a number of ways. Side chains.
Process-
1.Take a glass substrate with transparent electrode (indian tenoxide)
2. Spin a polymer solution onto it-solvent evaporates
3.Left with approx. 100 nanometers of polymer on the active layer
4. Evaporate a contact electrode
5.Testing it in a solar simulator

18. Representation of photovoltaics

19. Computer Technology
The computing applications of Nanotech are, also, virtually unlimited. Computer hardware companies such as AMD and Intel are constantly striving to make the circuitry in their chips smaller and smaller - something which Nanotech scientists are also doing in trying to manipulate matter on the atomic scale. A computer constructed on the atomic level would be able to contain a huge amount of computing power in a tiny area.
Example; A Pentium computer chip created by visible light lithography has a line width resolution of 350 nm. With X-rays and electron beam lithography the scale will be much smaller.

20. Technology Microprocessors and sensor technology
Nickel nanowires that are used in electronic devices (cell phones)

21. Todays Uses of Nanotechnology (cont’d)
All around us
sunscreen
rechargeable batteries
clothing stain repellants
computer chips
cosmetics
1.Constantly finding ways to improve duration of batteries and make the recharge process faster

22. Todays Uses of Nanotechnology (cont’d)
bottles
bike frames
-automotive
tennis balls
toothpaste
2.Nanocomposites in bike frames
3.Bottles-thinner reflective material leads to a longer shelf life
4.Cars-copper nanoparticles make for a better lubricant in car engines
5. Tennis-bouncestwice as long
6.Fuel Cell technology-hydrogen

24. Impacts

25. Risks of Nanotechnology
Material construction deterioration
Heavy loading
Technology advancing at very rapid pace
Risk vs. Reward?

26. Other Risks Very dangerous health concerns
Can enter body and break through barriers
Even at cellular level

27. Possible Impacts Optics Global Warming Disease Cleaner Water
1.Collecting carbon from the atmosphere
2.Cancer cells
3.Filtration Systems

28. The Future?
This is the future of

29. Why this is important to teach

30. Keep up with current trends in industry.

31. Keep up with current trends in industry.